Organisation and Management Critical Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1899 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Contents Introduction Motivation Teamwork Conclusion Recommendations Reference listing Introduction Business and Culture students were given out a compulsory assignment that consisted of an oral presentation for thirty minutes with a group of five members. The concepts of the assignments were chosen by the tutor and were randomly distributed in the class. The concept our group received was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“China: The Case of Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , we were given a goal of investigating how international firms and cross-cultural management are affected in two different countries. Our group decided to investigate the obstacles, negatives and disadvantages of an international firm and cross-cultural management. Our group consisted of five members that have not worked together before as a team, we had a variety of members that studied different majors such as international business, finance, communication and psychology. This group work is marked as a group mark therefore; interaction, participation and co operation were key elements to this assignment. This critical analysis will defin e characteristics of teamwork, motivation and leadership theories by using the empirical group work experience as a case study and will interpret the obstacles and challenges that were faced while working as a team by using theoretical perception and perspectives to support the issue. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisation and Management: Critical Analysis" essay for you Create order Motivation Motivation is a force received internally or externally to a person or a group that arouses enthusiasm, persistence and positive energy to achieve a certain action, purpose or goal that one desires (Samson, Catley, Cathro Daft, 2012). Motivation rewards are intrinsic or extrinsic, intrinsic rewards are emotions and feelings of self efficacy and self satisfaction a person receives during a process of action, whilst extrinsic rewards are given by another person such as the pleasure of helping others resulted in a certificate of good will (Samson et al., 2012). According Porter, Bigley and Steers (2003), social cognitive theory (SCT) plays an important factor for motivation, SCT consists of basic human capabilities (1) symbolizing, (2) forethought, (3) vicarious learning, (4) self regulation and (5) self reflection. These basic human capabilities mobilizes the cognitive process and perceptions of achieving ones desires through self efficacy, dedication, reflection and individual beli ef are executed which produces enthusiasm, persistence and positive energy which contributions to work motivation (Porter, Bigley Steers, 2003). For example, when our group received the concept of our assignment, they showed little interest into what importance does the assignment played for the other members in the group or themselves. I felt concern as I major in another study, I have no background knowledge of what business in a specific or general content meant. In addition, our group communication and interaction in general was extremely poor. By applying Porters et al., (2003) SCT, I began to immediate symbolize the importance of this assignment for me as an individual before consulting others opinions of this assignment. After symbolizing the importance of this assignment I began to communicate with my peers as a group, to share the importance of this assignment as an individual to myself and to see the response I receive if they agree. The response from my group was positiv e, we all agreed on achieving this assignment, though we lacked the motivation to achieve a high grade for this simple assignment. Another member spoke out the importance of this assignment to them as an individual and that she needs to achieve A or A+ grade and wants the group to work as a team effectively and efficiently. Samson et al., (2012) the expression of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior may influence anotherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior. This response from our group member made everyone alert, as a group if one member fails to contribute to the team it will negatively affect the groupsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interaction and communication which may arouse conflict, distrust and social exclusion within the group. We slowly discussed with one another by encouraging the members that this assignment is achievable with a grade of A or A+ if we work together as a team effectively, our poor communication and interaction barriers slowly disappeared and the members began to express themselv es with concern and nervousness with oral presentations and fears of standing in front of people. Samson et al., (2012) states in order for people to be motivated there are necessary requirements that need to be met which are physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self actualization needs. Equal or fair treatment in a group also known as equity focuses on how individuals view themselves being treated compared with others in a group (Barrick Mount, 2013). Equity plays an important role of performance and self esteem for the members in a group; people evaluate equity by the input of contribution to the assignment, the distribution of task. For example, after discussing our concerns about the oral presentation we began to encourage and motivate one another by ensuring that our group can achieve this goal. We agreed on dividing the task equally and fairly but picking a number out of a box of one to five, everyone was given a chance to choose selectively what and how they want ed to contribute to the group. This raised the group morale as a team to work effectively and efficiently. Our group faced no obstacles in terms of group treatment and equity due to our encouraging members, the membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ perceptions of one another gave themselves more self confidence in contributing and expressing themselves openly, rather than socially excluding themselves in group discussion by remaining silent. Equity can increase or decrease a person work efforts through encouragement and motivation, positive response and positive feedback reduces stress levels and raises self esteem and work effort, equity can also change their perception (Barrick Mount, 2013). Goal setting encourages people to achieve a single or multiple purposes within their reach through positive and informative feedback, goal settings allows people to set standards from themselves as an individual or as a group to achieve a certain action or to work towards to (Tabassi, Ramli, Hassan Baka r, 2011). Our group goal was to achieve a A or A+ grade mark as a group together, in order to achieve this we had to communicate and interact with one another to understand their perception and perspectives of this assignment and encourage them to contribute to the group. Our first group goal was speaking in front of a class, in order to achieve this goal, we occasionally had group meet ups and talked aloud in front of one another whilst everyone pays attention to the reader, taking turns the group members whom were nervous about the assignment slowly began to gain confidence and started to contribute more to the group and express themselves. We also divided the task equally and fairly one another, we ensure that everyone had similar to fair amounts of contributions requirement from each other and to help one another if they are in need. Teamwork Teams or group work are units of two or more people collaborating together on a common task, goal or purpose that is set to be achieved (Hoegl, 2005). A common identity and goal is formed as the members of the team perceive one another and themselves before constructing social roles within the group (Hoegl, 2005). There are two types of groups, small and large groups. Small groups are more informal and less structured, functions effectively without a designated leader, more cohesive and greater chance of individuals participating in the group work whilst, large groups are formal and rules are adopted to keep order, leader maintains order and performs efficiently, more skills and resources are needed, and more in group or cliques (Sohmen, 2013). My group consist of five people which is considered a small group, it less formal than a team and is less structured, there is a limited amount of resources and skills involved or required in a small group and there is no need for a designat ed leader. A healthy team consists of the following characteristics such as trust, healthy conflict, commitment, accountability and results orientation (Samson et al., 2012). As stated in the previous paragraph, our group slowly began to express themselves truthfully with each other, we gained each others trust and felt comfortable sharing our concerns, ideas and contributed to the group discussion. We experienced a healthy conflict during the process of organising the presentation in a power-point slide, some of the members power points slides conflicted and overlapped another members, though they were designated to do different task, they collected similar information which overlaps the presentation, therefore they resolved the problem by discussing the importance of the information for their task and removed and replaced any irrelevant similarities in the presentation. A dysfunctional team consists of lack of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, avoidance of accountabilit y and inattention to results (Samson et al., 2012). My team did not face any dysfunctional characteristic throughout the process of making the presentation; however we did face obstacles of expressing and trusting one another in the beginning of the assignment. We did not all have one single goal of achieving and had different perceptions about the assignment which pose could have posed a serious situation if we did not slowly start communicating to one another and motivating each other. Conclusion In conclusions, Samson et al., (2012) motivation is an important factor that needs to be considered while working as a group or as a team. Motivation can encourage members of the team to produce productive results with encouraging feedbacks and support and can provide positive energy which raises the morale of the team to work in an efficient and effective manner. A team consists of two or more people with the same goals interacting with one another to achieve the desired outcome as well as accepting and recognizing the other as part of a team. (Sohmen, 2013). According to Sohmen (2013), group and team work characteristics differ from one another which can create difficult situations to adapt especially if the team characteristic is dysfunctional instead of effective. Sohmen (2013), argues that a dysfunctional team can gradually become an effective team through motivation and effective communication and interaction with one another. Recommendations For future recommendations, for a productive and efficient group work or team, always remain objective to the purpose of the team or group and interact, communicate with one another effectively to build relationships with one another with trust and commitment to establish equity and self esteem in one another. Encourage one another in difficult situations and be alert of those who socially and individually exclude themselves from the group work, encourage them to participate and show interest and recognize them as a member of a team rather than the social outcast. Reference listing Barrick, M., R., Mount, K., M. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristic. The Academy of Management Reviews, 38(1), 132-153. doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0479 Hoegl, M. (2005). Smaller teams à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" better teamwork: How to keep project teams small. Business Horizons, 48(3), 209-214. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2004.10.013 Porter, W., L., Bigley, A., G., Steers M., R. (2003). Motivation and Work Behaviour (7th ed.). Retrieve from https://www.stajkovic.biz Samson, D., Catley, B., Cathro, V., Daft, L., R. (2012). Management in New Zealand. South Melboure, Australia: Cengage Learning Sohmen, S., V. (2013). Leadership and Teamwork: Two sides of the same coin. Journal of IT and Economic Development, 4(2), 1-18. Retrieved from https://www.gsmi-ijgb.com Tabassi, A., A., Ramli, M., Hassan, A., Bakar, A. (2011). Effects of training and motivation practices on teamwork and improvement and task efficiency: The case of construction firms. International Journal of Project Management, 30(2), 213-224. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.05.009 1

The Many Benefits of Medical Marijuana Essays - 938 Words

Marijuana has many health benefits, ranging from pain relief to halting the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (Medical Benefits of Cannabis). What other medicine is there that has such a wide range of healing properties? There certainly is not a manufactured medicine on the market that aids so many different types of ailments with one medication, as Marijuana. Using Marijuana for medical reasons has less bad side effects and more positive medical uses than any single synthetic pharmaceutical on the market. My position on this topic will be that Marijuana should be legalized and more easily obtained for people who have chronic illnesses and that can benefit from this natural medicine. There are many medications on the market today for†¦show more content†¦Vicodin is the most abused drug of all prescription painkillers on the market, pain killers contribute to three quarters of all prescription drug abuse (International Statistics). Prescription painkillers also cause extreme withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly, as soon as 6 to 12 hours after stopping the medication if not titrated off it (Vicodin Addiction and Treatment). Marijuana does not cause any withdrawal symptoms in most individuals even after long-term heavy use (Myths and Facts About Marijuana). There has been some concern that smoking marijuana causes lung cancer. A study done by Donald Tashkin of the University of California at Los Angeles, a pulmonologist who has studied marijuana for 30 years, disproves this myth. The study suggests that marijuana might actually have a protective effect and does not cause lung cancer (Kaufman, 2006). Even if the study is wrong, there are plenty of other options to get the medication to your body. Most medical marijuana dispensaries offer edibles, such as, lollipops, brownies, ice cream and several other types of food that have the medicine in them. Another option is to use a vaporizer. 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Child Abuse Physical, Psychological, and Social Effects free essay sample

This paper looks at the effects of child abuse and neglect, how to read warning signs, and protect children from mistreatment. This paper is about the effects of child abuse and discusses various aspects in detail, as well as discussing possible causes. The author looks at how society needs to focus on warning signs, the behavior of abused children, and the special attention that mistreated children need. The paper pays close attention to social, psychological, and physical disorders that affect abused children. Children from the ages of twelve to seventeen years of age experience more than twice the violent crime as adults in America . Horrifying cases of abuse and neglect have flooded the media, which have caused great concern by public interest groups and politicians. The greatest concerns most have are the effects these terrible crimes have on our youth. David Finkelhor, a sociologist at the University of New Hampshire , believes that we know too little about child abuse and what damage it may cause. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Abuse: Physical, Psychological, and Social Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He contends that if we better understood the effects of child victimization, we would be more able to identify and prevent it.

Thomas Edison Essays (1989 words) - Thomas Edison,

Thomas Edison Thomas Edison could probably be properly called Mr. Electricity because of the many inventions and millions of dollars that he used and invested with electricity. From the invention of the light bulb, to the invention of the phonograph Thomas Edison made electricity a reality for the masses. And one of his greatest influences was from his Father a very positive man. A long with the great influence he had upon Americans and the world. He sparked the movement of today's computer ran world. Thomas Edison was born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Edison, Jr. and Nancy Elliot Edison. His parents had no special mechanical background. His mother was a former schoolteacher; his father was a jack-of-all-trades - from running a grocery store to real estate. When Thomas was seven years old, his family moved to Port Huron, Michigan. He was a very curious child who asked a lot of questions. "Edison began school in Port Huron, Michigan when he was seven. His teacher, the Reverend G. B. Engle considered Thomas to be a dull student."(Allen pg. 22) Thomas especially did not like math. And he asked too many questions. The story goes that the teacher whipped students who asked questions. After three months of school, the teacher called Thomas, "addled". Thomas was pissed. The next day, Nancy Edison brought Thomas back to school to talk with Reverend Engle. The teacher told his mother that Thomas couldn't learn. Nancy also became angry at the teacher's strict ways. "She took Thomas out of school and decided to home-school him."(Allen pg. 34) It appears he briefly attended two more schools. However, his school attendance was not very good. So nearly all his childhood learning took place at home. Edison's parents loved to read. They read to him works of good literature and history. They had many books that young Tom eagerly devoured. Before he was 12, he had read works by Dickens and Shakespeare, Edward Gibbon's Fall of the Roman Empire and Decline, and more. Nancy Edison encouraged her curious son to learn things for himself. His parents were dedicated to teaching their children. They did not force him to learn about things he didn't enjoy. So he learned about things that interested him the most. When Thomas was nine Nancy Edison gave him an elementary science book. It explained how to do chemistry experiments at home. Edison did every experiment in the book. Then Nancy gave him more books on science. He soon loved chemistry and spent all his spare money buying chemicals from a local pharmacy. He collected bottles, wires, and other items for experiments. Abbott Pg. 2 At age 10, Thomas built his first science laboratory in the basement of the family's home. His father disapproved of all the time Thomas spent in the basement. Sometimes Sam offered a penny to Thomas if he would go back to reading books. But Thomas often used his pennies to buy more chemicals for experiments. "He labeled all his bottles "Poison"."(Denmark pg. 25) Edison had many ear problems throughout his childhood. When he was 15, a train accident injured his ears more. When he tried to jump on a moving train, a conductor grabbed the boy's ears to help pull him up. "Thomas said he felt something snap inside his head. He soon began to lose much of his hearing." (Swanson pg. 34) Thomas never became deaf, but from then on he was hard of hearing. His deafness could have been cured by an operation. But Thomas refused the operation. He said being deaf helped him concentrate. When Edison was 21, he got a job in Boston as an expert night telegraph operator. Even though he worked nights, he slept little during the day. He was too busy experimenting with electrical currents. Edison worked to improve a telegraph machine that would send many messages at the same time over the same wire. He borrowed money from a friend, and soon quit his job. Now he could spend all his time inventing. The first invention that he tried to sell was an electric vote recorder. It made voting faster and more accurate. But no one wanted to buy it. "Today it is used in many states to record votes of legislators." (Allen pg. 45) He moved to New York City in the summer of 1869. He had no money. A friend let him sleep in a basement office below Wall Street. Edison spent a lot of time studying the stock market